Schnauzer

The most distinctive features of the Schnauzer are undoubtedly its bushy eyebrows and strong moustache. Unlike the smooth-coated Pinscher, to which the Schnauzer originally belonged, it is characterised by its wiry fur. The hard, wire-like top coat and dense undercoat are found in pure black or pepper-and-salt. Colour nuances from dark iron grey to silver-grey are permitted. All colour variants should have a dark mask that harmonises with the fur colour, accentuating the typical Schnauzer expression. 

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Differentiation from Miniature and Giant Schnauzers

As the name suggests, the Standard Schnauzer is a medium-sized dog, reaching a height of 40 to 50 cm at the shoulder and an average weight of 14 to 20 kg. Size is the key distinguishing feature between the Miniature, Standard and Giant Schnauzers, although their temperaments are very similar. The Standard or Medium Schnauzer most closely resembles the original form of the breed and has not changed significantly over its breed history. While the hairstyle and colour, as well as head and back forms, have been slightly modified, the Schnauzer has retained its rustic look.

Rustic and Robust 

The Schnauzer’s rustic appearance, originally known as the “wire-haired Pinscher”, is due mainly to its hard, rough and moderately long fur which should neither be shaggy nor wavy. It has a compact, square and muscular build with a strong and elongated skull. The V-shaped drop ears are set high and lie close to the head. Its back slopes gently with a moderately high-set sickle or saber tail. 

Originating from southern Germany, the Schnauzer was initially the wire-haired variant of the Pinscher and has existed for at least 500 years. As a so-called “rattler”, it kept vermin, like rats and mice, away from its owner’s barns and stables. Besides chasing away rodents, the robust and brave dog also scared off thieves approaching the homestead. In the 19th century, these highly reliable and versatile “stable Pinschers” were found in nearly every village in southern Germany. Its great endurance, vigilance and close affinity with horses, in whose proximity the Pinscher always felt comfortable, earned it another role: guarding travellers. They accompanied carriages on long journeys through fields and forests, protecting them from robberies. 

From Stable Pinscher to Breed Dog 

The transition from a stable Pinscher to a recognised breed dog is mainly credited to breeder Max Hartenstein from Württemberg, who began breeding Schnauzers in 1882. In 1895, the first breed club was established in Nordhausen, managing all variants of the Pinscher breed, classified as “smooth-haired” (today’s German Pinscher) or “wire-haired Pinschers” (today’s Schnauzer). In 1907, the Bavarian Schnauzer Club in Munich distinguished the two breeds, giving the wire-haired dogs the well-known breed name “Schnauzer”. To differentiate from the Giant and Miniature Schnauzers, it was also termed “Standard Schnauzer”.

Despite being recognized as separate breeds, Schnauzers and Pinschers are still jointly housed by the German “Pinscher-Schnauzer Club 1895 e.V.” which oversees the FCI standard.

The Standard Schnauzer is classified under FCI standard number 182 and belongs to Group 2, Section 1 “Pinschers and Schnauzers”. Initially, the Standard Schnauzer was the most popular variant, but in the 1930s, it was overtaken in popularity by the Giant Schnauzer. After World War II, the Miniature Schnauzer gained a large following. 

Whereas some breeders, especially in the U.S., turned the Miniature Schnauzer into show dogs with elaborate hairstyles, the Standard Schnauzer has remained largely untouched by such trends. Most Schnauzer breeders focus on the dog’s robust nature and good health, preserving the breed’s rustic exterior, endurance and inner balance. 

Steer Clear of “Cheap Puppies” 

Despite this, there are still unscrupulous breeders prioritising extravagant appearances and quick profits over health and temperament. If you are thinking of buying a Schnauzer, carefully research potential breeders. Avoid breeders offering puppies without papers, luring with cute puppy photos online or selling puppies at bargain prices and neglecting where they end up. These breeders are not the right choice if you seek a healthy and well-socialised dog as a new family member.

Finding a Reputable Schnauzer Breeder 

A good first step is contacting the nearest official breed club for Schnauzers. They can provide information on registered breeders, puppy availability and general breed details. Given Schnauzers’ varied character traits, breeding focuses may differ. Some breeders prioritise maintaining a robust working dog, while others emphasize the breed’s social and family-friendly qualities, like good-naturedness and a willingness to learn. Before buying a puppy, understand your expectations for your Schnauzer and check if they align with the breeder’s focus. 

Signs of a Trustworthy Breeder: 

• The breeder welcomes you to their home, showing you the breeding site and the mother dog, though existing puppies might not be shown on the first visit to prevent impulsive purchases. 
• They adhere to official breeding guidelines and have all required papers with the official FCI logo. All health screenings are performed, and they might have additional voluntary tests. All dogs are vaccinated and microchipped. 
• The breeder will ask in-depth questions about your life situation to ensure you are a suitable Schnauzer owner, covering aspects like family, job, health and residence. They will also want to know your familiarity with the breed and its needs. 

A responsible breeder won’t “push” their puppies on you. Dedicated breeders aiming for the breed’s well-being ensure their puppies go to the right homes. 

Common Breed-Related Conditions 

Like all medium to large breeds, Standard Schnauzers can suffer from the dreaded hip dysplasia (HD). Therefore, a hip examination is mandatory for all breeding animals. Additionally, Schnauzers seem prone to developing tumours, which can appear on the toes or oral mucosa. Eye diseases like PRA (Progressive Retinal Atrophy) and heart problems are also known in Schnauzers. It’s also important to note that neutering should only be performed on this breed for medical reasons. Many Schnauzers experience above-average weight gain and urinary incontinence post-surgery. 

Schnauzer Nutrition 

Your Schnauzer’s health isn’t solely dependent on its breeding. As an owner, you significantly influence your pet’s health. This involves appropriate keeping and a balanced, healthy diet supplying all the essential nutrients to promote vitality. Dogs’ nutrient needs are more determined by age, activity levels and weight than by breed. Puppies or growing dogs need different food than adult dogs, and senior dogs, who are less active, require a different formula than highly active adult dogs.

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How Much Food Does a Schnauzer Need? 

As a guideline, provide 15 g of meat, 7.5 g of vegetables and 7.5 g rice per kilogram of body weight daily. Hence, a 15 kg Schnauzer needs approx. 230 g of meat daily. Even if your dog begs, stick to the food amounts recommended by your breeder or vet. Some Schnauzers have a “healthy appetite” and can develop obesity if fed incorrectly, leading to many health issues. As for the choice between dry food, wet food or home-cooked/raw food, there are generally no restrictions. Each type has its pros and cons and depends on your preferences and circumstances. With wet food, note that a lot might get stuck in the Schnauzer’s beard.